This is a rule of thumb of income distribution discovered by the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto. It claims that the top 20% of income earners account for about 80% of the total income earned by a given society. The Law is considered to have application with a number of other phenomena.

Initiated by Roland Hall of the United States, the hypothesis of consumption behavior says an act of purchasing follows the process of attention -> interest -> desire -> memory -> action.

H.W. Heinrich of the United States analyzed the probability of the occurrence of industrial accidents. Insurance companies have found the law useful for management. According to the law, behind one major accident there are twenty-nine small accidents and three hundred experiences in which people are not injured but do break out into a cold sweat.

The Englishman F.W. Lanchester investigated the state of damage to airplanes in the First World War, and founded his Lanchester Law. In the modern era, his law applies to many aspects of corporate activities and is considered a theory for succeeding in competition.

SWOT stands for strengths and weaknesses (i.e., the company's assets, talent, brands, and other factors of internal environment), opportunity, and threat (i.e., customers, competitions, social environment, laws and regulations, and other factors in the external environment). Analyzing a company using SWOT provides a basis on which it can develop strategies.

The 1:5 law states that selling products to new customers costs five times as much as selling products to existing customers. The 5:25 law means if you lower the possibility your customers will stop buying your products by 5%, you will be able to improve your profits by at least 25%. Both of these laws are based on the concept that customers are a company's assets, and provide the basis for marketing management with customers' lifetime value.